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Enough talk: Homeless must become priority ...The Toronto Star, THOMAS A. AXWORTHY, Aug. 9, 2004.
Paul Martin put it best in his 1990 Liberal task force report Finding Room: "All Canadians have the right to
decent housing in decent surroundings at affordable prices ... there is currently a vacuum in federal policy
... Only the national government has the financial resources to address the full dimensions of the needs of
this country."
That long-ago Liberal task force was co-chaired by Martin and Joe Fontana, recently appointed Canada's new
Minister of Labour and Housing. In the upcoming minority Parliament, Martin and Fontana will have the chance
to do what they so urgently advocated 14 years ago.
Minority governments, in fact, have been important in establishing a national housing policy.
The Trudeau minority in 1972-74 gave life to the ministry of state for urban affairs, and social housing was
the main focus of its hard-driving minister, Ron Basford of Vancouver.
Under Basford's direction, Canada Mortgage and Housing signed agreements with provinces, municipalities and
the not-for-profit sector to construct thousands of units of co-op housing. One-time grants for starter
homes were part of the policy.
One group prepared a detailed rent supplement program to assist low-income Canadians in reducing their
monthly shelter costs. Alas, this critical component of an anti-poverty strategy fell victim to budgetary
pressures.
Yet, the foundations laid in the early 1970s were good ones and annually Canada added 10,000 to 12,000
social units to the housing base.
This affirmation of the centrality of shelter was thrown away in the neo-conservative mania that swept
Canada starting in the mid-1980s.
Its nadir was reached in 1995 when Mike Harris cut social assistance by 22 per cent and then froze the rates
at this low level as taxes were cut for everyone else.
Investment in social housing virtually ceased until the Chrtien government gingerly re-entered the field in
2000.
The result of this federal retreat was a calamity.
Nationally, the Federation of Canadian Municipalities estimates that a million Canadians need housing
assistance. In Toronto, 73,000 people are on a waiting list for subsidized housing and more than 100,000
Torontonians pay more than 50 per cent of their income for shelter.
The FCM has drawn up a plan that draws on the earlier Trudeau national housing policy — construction of
20,000 new social units and rehabilitation of 10,000 existing units to provide 30,000 units a year. Over a
decade, this would provide decent shelter to 600,000 to 700,000 Canadians in need. The annual costs of such
a program would be $1.5 billion.
Fontana doesn't have $1.5 billion annually: He has $1.5 billion over five years, according to the promises
of the 2004 Liberal platform. But it is a start.
I have advocated that, over time, the $5 billion proceeds of the federal gas tax go into an infrastructure
fund that would invest in transportation, the environment and housing. If this were to happen, we could
reach the housing goals of the FCM. But for now, where should Fontana place his emphasis?
We should help first those who need help most: This requires that we end the blight of homelessness.
Just about the time the federal government withdrew from poverty reduction, Canadians began to notice
desperate men and women sleeping on grates. Toronto had one emergency shelter in the 1980s, now the city
spends $125 million to provide transitional shelter to the poorest of the poor.
Bill Phipps, former moderator of the United Church, writes about Calgary that 50 congregations have come
together in a voluntary program, "In from the Cold." In 1999, they filled 9,200 beds, in 2003-04, 20,000.
Children sleep in different church basements every night.
Every moral fibre in our being cries out that this must stop.
The famous Anne Golden Report On The Homeless in 1999 pinpointed the causes — poverty, lack of affordable
housing, poor discharge planning from institutions, and social factors leading to personal maladies.
The homeless need a team approach to services but most of all they need a home.
John Sewell, former mayor of Toronto, in a stimulating report called A New City Agenda, makes the point that
emergency shelters are a necessity but not a solution. We need permanent housing for the 7,000 in shelters.
Fontana should use his budget to assist cities in moving people from shelters to homes.
A million Canadians are in housing need, but thousands are in desperate need with nowhere to go. Start with
the homeless and move from there to create a broad national housing policy.
The best way for Martin and Fontana to redeem their pledges of 1990 would be to get the children out of the
church basements.
Thomas S. Axworthy is chairman of the Centre for the Study of Democracy, Queen's University. He was an
adviser to former prime minister Pierre Trudeau.
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